アジア・オセアニア研究教育機構(Q-AOS)ポスターセッション

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15.HUANG HSINHAO（Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Global Society / Doctoral Course）
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A study on the policy processes of Japan’s low fertility policies

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Japan is facing a serious issue of low fertility. In response to the problem, Japan has promulgated 32 low fertility policy plans from the year of 1994 to 2018. This study examines the influences of politics on the policy processes of these policy plans. This study adopts the ‘policy window’ as the analytical framework. Through the analyses of the policy processes of Japan’s low fertility policies in different phases, this study finds that the influence of the ‘politics stream’ in the policy window increases over time, shifting the policy making from a ‘bureaucracy-led’ to a ‘cabinet-dominant’ pattern.

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Title
comparative aspects
Comment
interesting research. Shift of policy making from a ‘bureaucracy-led’ to a ‘cabinet-dominant’ pattern is observed in variety of policy fields in Japan. Not surprising results, but important contribution. What would be the uniqueness of Japanese 少子化政策　compared to other countries? If you could integrate more comparative aspects, it will be more interesting considering the low fertility in Asian countries.
Name
Assoc. Prof. Tanaka
Date
2021/10/18
Title
Question
Comment
Thank you for very interesting poster. What was Japan’s low fertility policies most effective? and How is the low fertility problem perceived by the people and politicians now?
Name
Dongki HONG
Date
2021/10/19
Title
Reply to Tanaka-sensei
Comment
Thank you for your kind comment. I fully agree with your opinion that the results of this study should be compared to other countries to become more meaningful. Though I have not deeply investigated other countries' situations, since I am from Taiwan, I might be able to provide a preliminary view from the case of Taiwan. In Taiwan, After Tsai took power in 2016, the 'Office of Countermeasures against Low fertility' established by her government was disbanded after less than a year of operation, but she was still able to secure a second term in 2020. On the other hand, in both the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections, apart from increasing childcare subsidies, the countermeasures to low fertility rarely became the focus of political debate. As a preliminary view, I do not think the low fertility policy is an attractive political tool in Taiwan as it is in Japan, even though Taiwan's fertility rate is lower than Japan's.
Name
Huang Hsinhao
Date
2021/10/21
Title
Reply to Hong-san
Comment
Thank you for your questions. According to Japan's 'Outline of Measures to Cope with Society with Declining Birthrate', Japan has devoted the most attention to measures related to 'childcare support' (e.g. increasing the number of daycare centres, etc.) and has mostly met or come close to its targets. But this may not necessarily be linked to as an 'effective' policy. The correlation needs to be interpreted more carefully. In addition, I would say that after the Abe regime, more other policy issues have emerged to attract PM Suga's and then PM Kishida's attention, such as the pandemic and the diplomatic affairs. Also, the general election which is coming at the end of this month would be a good chance to reanalyse the attractiveness of policies in different fields.
Name
Huang Hsinhao
Date
2021/10/22